25.3
Parallels between James and the Sermon on the Mount
The Letter of James |
Sermon on the Mount (Gospel of Matthew) |
“Whenever you face trials of any kind, consider it nothing but joy” (1:2). |
“When people revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you. . . . Rejoice and be glad” (5:11–12). |
“You may be mature [teleioi ] and complete, lacking in nothing” (1:4). |
“Be perfect [teleioi ] . . . as your heavenly Father is perfect” (5:48). |
“Ask God . . . and it will be given you” (1:5). |
“Ask, and it will be given you” (7:7). |
“Be doers of the word, and not merely hearers” (1:22). |
“Everyone then who hears these words . . . and acts on them will be like a wise man” (7:24). |
“Has not God chosen the poor in the world . . . to be heirs of the kingdom?” (2:5). |
“Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven” (5:3). |
“Whoever keeps the whole law but fails in one point has become accountable for all of it” (2:10). |
“Whoever breaks one of the least of these commandments . . . will be called least in the kingdom of heaven” (5:19). |
“Judgment will be without mercy to anyone who has shown no mercy” (2:13). |
“Blessed are the merciful, for they will receive mercy” (5:7). |
“What good is it . . . if you say you have faith, but do not have works? Can faith save you?” (2:14). |
“Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father” (7:21). |
“Can a fig tree . . . yield olives, or a grapevine figs?” (3:12). |
“Are grapes gathered from thorns, or figs from thistles?” (7:16). |
“A harvest of righteousness is sown in peace for those who make peace” (3:18). |
“Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God” (5:9). |
“Friendship with the world is enmity with God” (4:4). |
“You cannot serve God and wealth” (6:24). |
“Purify your hearts” (4:8). |
“Blessed are the pure in heart” (5:8). |
“Who, then, are you to judge your neighbor?” (4:12). |
“Do not judge, so that you may not be judged” (7:1). |
“Your riches have rotted, and your clothes are moth-eaten. Your gold and silver have rusted” (5:2–3). |
“Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust consume and where thieves break in and steal” (6:19). |
“Do not grumble against one another, so that you may not be judged” (5:9). |
“Do not judge, so that you may not be judged” (7:1). |
“Do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or by any other oath, but let your ‘Yes’ be yes and your ‘No’ be no” (5:12). |
“Do not swear at all, either by heaven . . . or by the earth. . . . Let your word be ‘Yes, Yes’ or ‘No, No’” (5:34–37). |
Other passages in James that parallel sayings of Jesus include 1:6 (cf. Matt. 21:21); 1:9 and 4:10 (cf. Matt. 23:12); 1:12 (cf. Matt. 10:22); 1:21 (cf. Mark 4:14); 4:9 (cf. Luke 6:21, 25); 4:17 (cf. Luke 12:47); 5:1–6 (cf. Luke 6:24); 5:9 (cf. Matt. 24:33); 5:17 (cf. Luke 4:25).